Oral Health & Dentistry

Biography

Biography: Shahela Tanveer

Abstract

Statement of the Problem: Adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSC’s) have a promising treatment in regenerative medicine from bone marrow transplant to current treatment of superceneterian cells in aging and progeria. There remains lot of regenerative aspect which are still in clinical trials in dentistry. Inspite of easy availability, remarkable capacity and efficient colony forming units of known oral stem cells there is limitation in using them in vivo, this remains an important aspect to use it clinically. The current review emphasizes on the quantification and characterization of inflamed stem cells from dental pulp and gingiva (I-DPSC’s and I-GMSC’s) which are commonly discarded tissue in dental treatment and the ability of these inflamed cells which are thought to maintain stemness over limited expansion in vitro and its capacity to display considerable phenotype and functional heterogeneity in par with healthy oral tissue as like with umblical tissue cells (UCB-MSCs) and adipose tissue (AT-MSCs) over bone marrow stem cells (BM-MSC’s). Theoretical Orientation: This article reviews to understand the correlation of the potency of cord stem cells and adipose tissue stem cells to the multipotentiality of the better known BM-MSC’s. To compare the similarities and differences between the bone marrow stem cells and dental pulp stem cells .To review studies on MSC’s from healthy and inflammed oral stem cells in vitro and in vivo. Findings: Though lots of studies have been done on inflamed oral stem cells  which is generally discarded pulp during root canal treatment and from gingiva in flap surgeries, operculotomies and enlarged gingival conditions. These MSC’s shows considerable heterogeneity and maintain stemness over normal healthy oral stem cells like umblical cord tissue and adipose tissue though they yield less. Conclusion & Significance: Regeneration of oral tissues and its ability to expand in vitro and to be applicable in vivo is target of stem cell research. Inflammed stem cells could be employed as further studies as they show high levels of stemness. Irrespective of their proliferation rates the marked stemness in inflammatory environment cells may in future can be used like UCB-MSC’s which has though decreased at each passage, its cryopreservation has no effect on the morphology and the proliferation and differentiation capacity (approximately 90% viability of cells were obtained on in vitro cultures after thawing. This proves that even long storage has its future applications owing to their stemness.